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LawKPIs

Law Firm Profit & Performance Playbook

A 22-minute daily system for protecting cash, production and pipeline.

Use the numbers your firm already has to catch risk early, prevent shortfalls and stay on pace for the month.

22 min

Every morning

2 hrs

First week each month

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The daily operating review

Run these six checks every morning. Compare each number with its healthy range, identify anything outside it, assign the action and sign off once the issue has an owner.

01

Cash & trust safety

Protect client money and make sure the firm has enough operating cash.

Check

  • Trust shortfall and unallocated funds
  • Operating cash runway
  • AR aging by client and age band

Healthy range

  • Trust shortfall: $0
  • Operating cash: 45–60 days of expenses
  • No active client above 30-day AR aging

Act when

  • Stop trust disbursements and reconcile any shortfall immediately
  • Accelerate collections if cash falls below 30 days
  • Call clients whose AR has passed 60 days
02

Pipeline & intake

Make sure leads are arriving, receiving a fast response and converting into clients.

Check

  • Daily lead volume and trend
  • Lead-to-client conversion
  • Consultation no-shows
  • Speed to first response

Healthy range

  • Conversion: 20–30%
  • No-shows: below 20%
  • Response time: under 5 minutes

Act when

  • Review marketing if lead volume drops more than 20%
  • Retrain intake if conversion falls below 15%
  • Fix staffing if response time exceeds 15 minutes
03

Team production

See whether each role has the right amount of profitable work without creating burnout.

Check

  • Utilization by role and attorney
  • Realization trends
  • Non-billable time
  • Overutilization and burnout risk

Healthy range

  • Associates: 70–75% utilization
  • Partners: 40–50% utilization
  • Paralegals: 75–80% utilization
  • Realization: above 85%

Act when

  • Assign work when utilization stays below 60%
  • Coach when realization falls below 80%
  • Redistribute work when anyone exceeds 85%
04

Billing velocity

Make sure work moves from WIP to invoices and from invoices to collected cash.

Check

  • WIP movement
  • Billing pace month to date
  • Realization against billed value
  • Credits and write-offs
  • Revenue against target

Healthy range

  • WIP: about one month of revenue
  • Billing: within 5–7 days of month-end
  • Credits: below $5,000
  • Realization: above 85%

Act when

  • Enforce pre-bill deadlines when WIP grows but billing stays flat
  • Review discounting when realization falls below 80%
  • Accelerate billing when revenue is off pace after mid-month
05

Flat-fee risk

Check whether fixed-fee work remains profitable after the time spent delivering it.

Check

  • Profitability by flat-fee matter
  • Effective hourly rate
  • Hours per matter
  • Repeated at-risk patterns

Healthy range

  • Effective hourly rate: above $200
  • Positive profit on every flat-fee matter
  • Stable hours per matter

Act when

  • Review pricing when effective hourly rate falls below $150
  • Review scope when hours per matter keep rising
  • Pause and reassess intake when a practice area is repeatedly unprofitable
06

Revenue pulse

Confirm that current production and pipeline can still support the monthly revenue target.

Check

  • Revenue month to date
  • Seven-day lead volume
  • Lead-to-client conversion

Healthy range

  • Revenue pacing at or ahead of target
  • Lead volume stable or rising
  • Conversion holding at 20–30%

Act when

  • Review WIP and accelerate invoices when revenue is off pace
  • Check marketing and intake when leads decline for several days
  • Audit consultations and no-shows when conversion falls below 15%

The monthly deep dive

The daily rhythm surfaces signals. Set aside two hours in the first week of each month to understand the pattern, make decisions and adjust the plan.

01

Full financial review

Take a complete view of financial health before making the month’s operating decisions.

Check

  • Revenue and collections against target
  • Net income and margin
  • Open matters
  • Total WIP and AR

Healthy range

  • Net margin: 25–40%
  • Realization: above 90%
  • Overhead: below 45%
  • Revenue per attorney: above $40,000

Act when

  • Fix utilization or conversion when revenue is off pace
  • Audit expenses when margin falls below 20%
  • Find the billing bottleneck when WIP grows faster than revenue
02

Fee structure analysis

Compare pricing, effort and return by practice area instead of treating every fee as equally profitable.

Check

  • Average fee by practice area
  • Effective hourly rate
  • Hours per matter
  • Profitability by service line

Healthy range

  • Effective hourly rate: above $250 in primary areas
  • Fees reviewed every year
  • Hours per matter stable

Act when

  • Review fees when effective hourly rate falls below $150
  • Investigate scope creep when hours rise
  • Restructure or exit work that stays unprofitable
03

Capacity & hiring

Decide whether the firm needs another person based on sustained demand, pipeline and margin.

Check

  • 90-day utilization by role
  • Capacity by team
  • Pipeline for the next 90 days
  • Margin available to support a hire

Healthy range

  • No role above 80% for a sustained period
  • Pipeline supports at least 90 days of work
  • Margin remains above 25%

Act when

  • Hire when utilization, pipeline and margin all support it
  • Relieve paralegal capacity above 85%
  • Fix intake before hiring when pipeline is weak
04

AR & cash flow

Reduce the time between completing work, sending an invoice and collecting the cash.

Check

  • AR by aging bucket
  • Days sales outstanding
  • Collection-rate trend
  • Repeat late-paying clients

Healthy range

  • At least 50% of AR in 0–30 days
  • Less than 10% of AR at 91+ days
  • DSO below 45 days

Act when

  • Call every 91+ day account when that bucket grows
  • Run an urgent collection effort when DSO exceeds 65 days
  • Require retainers for repeat offenders
05

Employee profitability

Measure the return the firm receives from its total investment in each team member.

Check

  • Collections-to-cost by employee
  • Compensation cost against collections
  • Quarter-over-quarter trend
  • Outliers against the benchmark

Healthy range

  • Attorneys: at least 3.5× collections to cost
  • Support staff: at least 1.5×
  • Trend stable or improving

Act when

  • Investigate attorneys below 2.5×
  • Find the cause of a two-quarter decline
  • Address retention risk around top performers immediately
06

Matter profitability

Identify which matters create profit and which consume time without producing enough return.

Check

  • Collections-to-cost per matter
  • Profitability by matter type
  • Matters below the benchmark
  • Write-downs and write-offs

Healthy range

  • At least 70% of matters above 3.5× collections to cost
  • Write-downs below 5%
  • Loss-making matters below 5%

Act when

  • Review pricing when too many matters miss the benchmark
  • Restructure consistently unprofitable matter types
  • Tighten scope and billing discipline when write-downs exceed 10%
07

Practice-area profitability

Rank practice areas by return and direct people and investment toward the strongest opportunities.

Check

  • Collections-to-cost by practice area
  • Revenue share against cost share
  • Quarterly trend
  • Concentration risk

Healthy range

  • Every area at or above 3.5× collections to cost
  • No single area above 40% of revenue
  • Cost share below revenue share

Act when

  • Raise fees or reduce cost below 2.5×
  • Diversify if the largest area is declining
  • Discuss exit when an area stays below 3.5× for two quarters

Performance targets

Use these as a benchmark reference, then adjust where your firm’s size, practice mix or fee model calls for a different operating range.

Financial targets

MetricTargetRed flag
Net margin25–40%Below 20%
Collection rateAbove 90%Below 85%
Days sales outstandingBelow 45 daysAbove 65 days
WIP levelBelow 1.5 monthsAbove 2 months
Trust shortfall$0 alwaysAbove $0
Overhead ratioBelow 45%Above 55%

People targets

MetricTargetRed flag
Associate utilization70–75%Below 60%
Partner utilization40–50%Below 30%
Paralegal utilization75–80%Below 65%
Realization rateAbove 85%Below 80%
Attrition rateBelow 10% yearlyAbove 18% yearly

Marketing targets

MetricTargetRed flag
Conversion rate20–30%Below 15%
No-show rateBelow 20%Above 25%
Speed to leadBelow 5 minutesAbove 15 minutes
Marketing ROIAbove 10×Below 3×
Lead volumeStable or growingDeclining 2+ days

Put the system into practice

Consistency matters more than perfection. Start with the reports you already have, build the habit, and improve the process as the signals become familiar.

Week 1

Set up and learn

Locate the reports, reserve 22 minutes each morning, run all six checks with the guide open and name the firm’s three biggest risks.

Week 2

Build the habit

Run the review from memory, share the first findings with leadership, adjust benchmarks that do not fit and note the hardest numbers to pull.

Week 3+

Optimize and scale

Delegate the routine review, use the monthly deep dive for planning and measure progress against the firm’s starting 90-day baseline.

When the next review cannot wait

Some conditions need action immediately, not at tomorrow’s check-in or next month’s review.

Critical

Trust account shortfall

Stop trust disbursements, reconcile every open matter, cover the shortfall with operating funds, notify leadership and compliance, and document every remediation step.

Urgent

Cash below 15 days

Call the ten largest AR accounts, accelerate pending invoices, freeze non-essential spending, review credit options and monitor cash every day until resolved.

High

Revenue drop above 20%

Review marketing and intake, check lead volume and conversion by source, find pipeline bottlenecks and hold regular check-ins until performance stabilizes.

High

Key attorney departure

Reassign active matters, contact affected clients within 24 hours, review transition obligations, assess the revenue impact and accelerate the hiring plan.

See this system in action.

Explore the daily and monthly review using sample data.

See LawKPIs in Action